Strengthening Self-Confidence and Islamic Morals in Preventing Bullying in Orphanage Children

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an intervention designed to strengthen self-confidence and internalize Islamic moral values in preventing bullying among children living in an orphanage. The research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The pre-test was completed by 34 participants, while the post-test was completed by 19 participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test at a 5% significance level. The findings indicate an increase in the mean scores from the pre-test (m = 97.50; sd = 3.94) to the post-test (m = 99.21; sd = 2.51). However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (t = –1.93; p = 0.059). The effect size value (Cohen’s d = 0.52) indicates a moderate effect. These findings suggest that the intervention provided practical contributions in strengthening participants’ understanding and attitudes toward bullying prevention, although the room for improvement was limited due to the high initial scores (ceiling effect). A community-based intervention that integrates psychological empowerment and religious values may function as an effort to reinforce and stabilize character development within non-formal educational settings. Further research is recommended to employ a more robust experimental design to obtain more comprehensive results.